The Founding of Australia, 26 January 1788, by Captain Arthur Phillip, R.N., Sydney Cove. The low density population, its ecological footprint and the traits of the Australian environment led to a harmonised system in which waste was not contemplated as, and did not represent, an issue. Most Aborigines conducted a nomadic way of life, and because they were those who moved, and not their "refuses", some of these sites had originated from continuous human presence over hundreds or thousands of years. As such, middens were used to organise resources and were not intended to, and did not, damage the landscape. Australian Indigenous people possess a culture which relates to land, sea and resources in a holistic way. ĭifferences with western-like disposal areas derive from the middens' purpose. Seashells became an important source of lime in the 1800s and so middens, for example in the Sutherland Shire area, may have been mined for shells. Middens have been described as the first forms of dumping sites in Australia. Size can vary and they can occupy entire coastlines for hundreds of metres. Most of them are considered as relics of cultural and archaeological relevance. Historical development Pre-European settlement Īboriginal middens are arrangements of bones, shells, ashes and other waste materials, usually related to meal consumption. These factors have hampered the development of the industry and interstate relations. The system is undergoing a process of reformation to establish a more consistent and circular economy-based legislation, a more reliable database and a stronger, more independent domestic industry. A number of reports and campaigns have been promoted. The waste management has different effects and applications depending on the geographical, demographic and behavioural dynamics which it relates to. The Commonwealth's Department of the Environment and Energy is responsible for the national legislative framework. It is currently regulated at both federal and state level. Waste management in Australia started to be implemented as a modern system by the second half of the 19th century, with its progresses driven by technological and sanitary advances. The station was built between 18 and it was one of the first of its kind, and one of the first waste management infrastructures in Melbourne. Print of a general arrangement drawing of the Melbourne and Metropolitan Board of Works sewerage pumping station, 1917.
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